Prostate cancer is the second most common male cancer in North America, Australia, and Northern Europe. Genetic and prostate-specific antigen testing are needed for early detection.
The second most common male cancer is prostate. North America, Australia, and Northern Europe have the greatest rates. Though lower in India, the incidence has been rising.
Dr. V. Surya Prakash, Consultant Urologist, Laparoscopic, Robotic & Transplant Surgeon, Yashoda Hospitals Hyderabad, says the condition is frequently asymptomatic early on. PSA is used to screen prostate cancer. Hereditary predisposition exists for the condition. Men with a family history of prostate cancer need genetic and PSA testing to detect the disease early.
Urologists examine men with elevated PSA. All males with elevated PSA undergo a digital rectal prostate exam. Men with elevated PSA and a clinically benign prostate should get a Multiparametric MRI. Clinically severe prostate cancers can be detected by MRI.
Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy diagnoses it. Management is influenced by biopsy. The slow-growing, low-risk condition can be monitored without intervention by active surveillance.
Men with intermediate and high-risk conditions need MRI or PSMA PET Scan to assess disease spread. Localized prostate cancer can be healed with radical prostatectomy or radiation. Treatment is based on age, 10-year survival likelihood, and co-morbidities. Patients fit for surgery should choose robotic radical prostatectomy, the finest treatment with few side effects. Robotic surgery is better than open or laparoscopic surgery in cancer control, urinary continence, and sexual potency. Radiotherapy is another curative option.
High-risk and locally progressed prostate cancer patients need multimodal treatment. Treatments include robotic prostatectomy with postop radiation and radiotherapy with hormonal therapy.
Conclusion
Prostate cancer is the second most common male cancer in North America, Australia, and Northern Europe. Asymptomatic early detection is common, and males with a family history should get genetic and PSA tests. Patients with high PSA receive digital rectal exams, while those with benign prostates undergo multiparametric MRIs. Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies diagnose prostate cancer, which is treated with radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy. Without side effects, robotic surgery is optimal, but radiation is another possibility.
