UV rays from the sun can damage our eyes as well as our skin. Avoiding sun damage to your eyes and choosing eyewear are covered in this article.
UV Radiation and Eye Damage—The Hidden Risk
A 2014 National Eye Institute-funded study linked UV exposure to lens protein breakdown. This damage may create cataracts, which impair vision.
Rebecca Taylor, an American Academy of Ophthalmology spokesperson in Nashville, emphasizes eye protection. She claims invisible UV rays enter the eye’s fragile tissues.
The retina’s fragile macula is on the eye’s rear. Sharp, center vision needs this. Because it focuses light entering the eye, Dr. Taylor compares the macula to a “bull’s-eye” target. UV exposure may increase macular degeneration, a primary cause of vision loss.
Sun’s Impact: Beyond Cataracts and Macular Degeneration
Sunlight harms eyes beyond cataracts and macular degeneration. Study links solar exposure to eye cancer. Sunlight can induce photokeratitis, or “welder’s burn.” Photokeratitis causes temporary blindness or blurred vision.
Certain Situations Are Riskier
Certain conditions raise sun-related eye damage risk. Water, snow, and windshields reflect sunlight. According to Harvard Medical School ophthalmology professor C. Stephen Foster, spending time on a boat, in snow, or in a car on a sunny day exposes you to a “double dose” of UV radiation. Eye injuries increase with brighter sunlight at higher elevations.
Sunglasses Protect
Fortunately, sunglasses block these risks. Protection varies by sunglass. Dr. Taylor prioritizes UV protection over lens color/obscurity. Select sunglasses that block 99%–100% UVA and UVB. Cheap sunglasses with UV protection are useful.
Ideal Lens Coverage Depends on Size
Lens size is important in sunglasses. Dr. Taylor recommends larger lenses because smaller, circular sunglasses let scattered rays in from the sides. A 2018 Swiss study found that smaller sunglasses and UV-blocking goggles provided less protection.
Balancing Light and Circadian Rhythms
Not all sunglasses are good. Research shows that light-sensitive photoreceptors in the eyes regulate the circadian cycle, which impacts sleep, feeding, and other processes. Research shows morning bright light enhances sleep. Morning sunglasses may disrupt these processes.
Lifelong Vision Protection
Identifying sun exposure risks and taking precautions can help us maintain healthy vision throughout our lives. UV-blocking sunglasses are a simple yet effective method. For maximum protection and a healthy circadian rhythm, consider lens size and avoid using sunglasses early in the day. Clear, attractive vision requires healthy eyes.
